1.6 Symbols (p. I)
(1) For the purpose of EN 1997-1 the following symbols apply.
Latin letters
A'
effective base area
Ab
base area under pile
Ac
total base area under compression
As;i
pile shaft surface area in layer i
ad
design value of geometrical data
anom
nominal value of geometrical data
Δa
change made to nominal geometrical data for particular design purposes
b
width of a foundation.
b'
effective width of a foundation
Cd
limiting design value of the effect of an action
c
cohesion intercept
c'
cohesion intercept in terms of effective stress
cu
undrained shear strength
cu;d
design value of undrained shear strength
d
embedment depth;
Ed
design value of the effect of actions
Estb;d
design value of the effect of stabilising actions
Edst;d
design value of the effect of destabilising actions
Fc;d
design axial compression load on a pile or a group of piles
Fd
design value of an action
Fk
characteristic value of an action
Frep
representative value of an action
Ft;d
design axial tensile load on a tensile pile or a group of tensile piles
Ftr;d
design value of the transverse load on a pile or a pile foundation
Gdst;d
design value of the destabilising permanent actions for uplift verification
Gstb;d
design value of the stabilising permanent vertical actions for uplift verification
G'stb;d
design value of the stabilising permanent vertical actions for heave verification (submerged weight)
H
horizontal load, or component of total action acting parallel to the foundation base
Hd
design value of H
h
height of a wall
h
water level for hydraulic heave
h'
height of a soil prism for verifying hydraulic heave
hw;k
characteristic value of the hydrostatic water head at the bottom of a soil prism
K0
coefficient of earth pressure at rest
K0;β
coefficient of earth pressure at rest for a retained earth surface inclined at angle β to the horizontal
k
ratio δd/φcv;d
l
foundation length;
l'
effective foundation length
n
number of e.g. piles or test profiles
P
load on an anchorage
Pd
design value of P
Pp
proof load in a suitability test of a grouted anchorage
Qdst;d
design value of the destabilising variable vertical actions for uplift verification
qb;k
characteristic value of base resistance pressure
qs;i;k
characteristic value of shaft friction in stratum i
Ra
anchorage pull-out resistance
Ra;d
design value of Ra
Ra;k
characteristic value of Ra
Rb;cal
pile base resistance, calculated from ground test results, at the ultimate limit state
Rb;d
design value of the base resistance of a pile
Rb;k
characteristic value of the base resistance of a pile
Rc
compressive resistance of the ground against a pile, at the ultimate limit state
Rc;cal
calculated value of Rc
Rc;d
design value of Rc
Rc;k
characteristic value of Rc
Rc;m
measured value of Rc in one or several pile load tests
Rd
design value of the resistance to an action
Rp;d
design value of the resisting force caused by earth pressure on the side of a foundation
Rs;d
design value of the shaft resistance of a pile
Rs;cal
ultimate shaft friction, calculated using ground parameters from test results
Rs;k
characteristic value of the shaft resistance of a pile
Rt
ultimate tensile resistance of an isolated pile
Rt;d
design value of the tensile resistance of a pile or of a group of piles, or of the structural tensile resistance of an anchorage
Rt;k
characteristic value of the tensile resistance of a pile or a pile group
Rt;m
measured tensile resistance of an isolated pile in one or several pile load tests
Rtr
resistance of a pile to transverse loads
Rtr;d
design resistance of transversally loaded pile
Sdst;d
design value of the destabilising seepage force in the ground
Sdst;k
characteristic value of the destabilising seepage force in the ground
s
settlement
s0
immediate settlement
s1
settlement caused by consolidation
s2
settlement caused by creep (secondary settlement)
Td
design value of total friction that develops around a block of ground in which a group of tension piles is placed, or on the part of the structure in contact with the ground
u
pore-water pressure
udst;d
design value of destabilising total pore-water pressure
V
vertical load, or component of the total action acting normal to the foundation base
Vd
design value of V
V'd
design value of the effective vertical action or component of the total action acting normal to the foundation base
Vdst;d
design value of the destabilising vertical action on a structure
Vdst;k
characteristic value of the destabilising vertical action on a structure
Xd
design value of a material property
Xk
characteristic value of a material property
z
vertical distance
