Annex A
(informative)
Classification and examples
NOTE 1 Prefabricated piles can be solid or hollow and can be extended by welding, splicing or jointing.
NOTE 2 Methods of driving piles apply to several types and requirements are noted in 8.3.
NOTE 3 Additional methods to improve pile capacity and assist installation are noted in 8.8.
NOTE 4 Both prefabricated and cast in place piles can be grouted. Requirements and possibilities are noted in 8.6.
Figure A.1 — Family tree chart for displacement piles
| a) Example of driven cast in place pile | b) Example of screwed cast in place pile | c) Example of prefabricated concrete pile (round or square) | d) Example of steel pile (round or H) | e) Example of prefabricated concrete conical pile (round or square) |
| f) Example of cast in place pile with enlarged base | g) Example of cast in place pile with enlarged base | h) Example of cast in place cased pile with enlarged base | i) Example of pile with base of expanded body | j) Example of enlarged base on steel H-pile |
Figure A.2 — Exemples of shafts and bases of displacement piles
a) Examples of cross sections of precast concrete piles
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| b) Example of cross section for cast in situ pile with permanent casing | c) Example of cross section for grouted pile |
d) Examples of cross sections for steel piles
e) Exemples of cross sections of steel piles formed from steel sheet piles
f) Exemple of concrete sheet piles forming a wall
Figure A.3 — Examples of cross sections for displacement piles
a) Example for H-pile
b) Example for H-pile
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Key
- 1 Special hardened rock point
| c) Example of rockshoe for tubular steel and concrete piles | d) Example of rockshoe for sloping rock |
Figure A.4 — Examples for toe protection for prefabricated displacement piles
| 1. Drivinging in of drive tube | 2. Placing of reinforcement cage | 3. Concreting | 4. Extraction of drive tube |
a) Construction of screw cast in place displacement pile
| 1. Driving in of drive tube | 2. Placing of reinforcement cage | 3. Concreting and extraction of drive tube | 4. Constructed pile |
b) Construction of driven cast in place displacement piles
Figure A.5 — Examples of construction of cast in place displacement piles
Key
- 1 Leaders
- 2 Impact hammer
- 3 Hammer cushion
- 4 Helmet
- 5 Pile
- 6 Base machine
- 7 Working platform
Figure A.6 — Example of piling rig with impact hammer
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| a) | b) |
Key
- 1 Locating pin
- 2 Locking plug
- 3 Push and Twist
Figure A.7 — Examples of mechanical joints for prefabricated concrete displacement piles
Key
- 1 Steel tube cast into concrete top pile and impact driven into the timber pile
- 2 Concrete pile element
- 3 Reinforcement
- 4 Steel tube
- 5 Timber pile element
Figure A.8 — Example of combined pile
Key
- 1 Plate tarred on inside face
- 2 Dowel
- 3 Screw position
Figure A.9 — Examples of joint in squared timber pile
Figure A.10 — Example of tool for screw pile
Key
- 1 Prefabricated displacement pile
- 2 Grout material
- 3 Enlarged shoe
- 1) Grout material is injected through a pipe at shoe level during driving
Figure A.11 — Example of grouted pile
Key
- 1 Displacement pile
- 2 Grout supply line
- 3 Grout
- 4 Non return valve
- 1) Displacement pile is driven to final depth
- 2) High pressure grouting is done after driving
Figure A.12 — Example of post grouted pile
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| a) Cast in place displacement pile | b) Prefabricated displacement pile |
Key
- 1 Working level
- 2 Pile top
- 3 Casting level
- 4 Cut off level (trim level)
- 5 Pile head
- 6 Pile shaft
- 7 Pile bottom
- 8 Pile base
- 9 Toe level
- 10 Pile shoe
Figure A.13 — Displacement piles, termes and levels
