Annex B
(informative)
Table B.1 - Electro-chemical properties of fills used with metallic reinforcement
| STEEL REINFORCEMENTS | Strips | Welded meshes, ladders, rods | Woven wire meshes | |||||||||
| Criteria based on corrositivity | Notes |  |
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 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
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| Commonly used sizes | 3 to 6 mm | 3 mm thick | 4 to 6 mm thick | bars ø8 mm to 12 mm | Wire ø2 mm to 3 mm | |||||||
| Usual field of application - Class of structure (related to design life) | (1) | Class 3 or 4 | Class 4 | Class 4 or 5 | Class 4 or 5 | Class 4 | Class 4 or 5 | Class 1 | Class 4 for steep slopes up to 70° | |||
| Electro-chemical characteristics compatible with routine design | (2) | |||||||||||
 |
Land based, out of water | pH | (3) | 5 to 10 | 5 to 10 | 5 to 10 | A (9) | 5 to 10 | 5 to 10 | 5 to 10 | 3 to 10 | |
| Resistivity | Ω cm | (4) | > 1 000 | >1 000 | > 1 000 | >1 000 | > 1 000 | > 1 000 | В (7) | |||
| Chlorides Cl | ppm | (5) | < 200 | < 200 | < 200 | < 200 | < 200 | < 200 | ||||
| Sulfates SO4 | ppm | (6) | <1 000 | < 1 000 | < 1 000 | < 1 000 | < 1 000 | < 1 000 | ||||
| In fresh water (8) | pH | (3) | 5 to 10 | 5 to 10 | 5 to 10 | A (9) | 5 to 10 | 5 to 10 | 5 to 10 | 3 to10 | ||
| Resistivity | Ω cm | (4) | > 3 000 | >3 000 | > 3 000 | > 3 000 | > 3 000 | > 3 000 | В (7) | |||
| Chlorides Cl | ppm | (5) | < 100 | < 100 | < 100 | < 100 | < 100 | < 100 | ||||
| Sulfates SO4 | ppm | (6) | <500 | <500 | <500 | < 500 | < 500 | < 300 | ||||
| Non-routine, unusual design | ||||||||||||
|
Marine environment, or fi I of marine origin | Specific study required. Thicker strips or larger bars generally needed | pH 5 to 10 No other requirement | Specific study required. Larger bars generally needed | C | Specific study required | ||||||
| Industrial waste fills, & environments of high aggressivity | Specific study required | Specific study required | Specific study required | |||||||||
| Key: | A | Material not normally used | B | Test not relevant | C | Material not normally applicable |
NOTE 1 See EN 1991-1, 2.4. Classes shown here are those most commonly used but are not intended to be restrictive.
NOTE 2 Routine design, common applications in environments of normal aggressivity.
NOTE 3 The measurement of pH should be carried out in all cases according to NF A05-252 Annex C and NF T01-013, test 9 in BS1377, part 3, 1990, or equivalent national standard.
NOTE 4 The measurement of resistivity of a saturated sample should be carried out in all cases according to NF A05-252 Annex B, test 10.4 in BS1377, part 3, 1990, or equivalent national standard.
NOTE 5 The measurement of water soluble chlorides is only required if the resistivity is less than 5000 ohm.cm. If so appropriate methods are detailed in NF A05-252 Annex C and NF T90-009, test 7.2 in BS 1377, part 3, 1990, or equivalent national standard.
NOTE 6 i) The measurement of water soluble sulfates SO4 is only required if the resistivity is less than 5000 ohm.cm. If so appropriate methods are detailed in NF A05-252 Annex C and NF T90-014, test 5 in BS 1377, part 3, 1990 with the result expressed as SO3 multiplied by 1.2, or equivalent national standard.
ii) The sulfate content should incorporate 3 times the possible sulfur content S-. The measurement of S- should be carried out if the origin of the fill raises the possibility of its presence. It should be carried out by a competent laboratory using a method such as that given in the Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemical Analysis.
iii) The limit for sulfates content assumes that there are no chlorides. Similarly the limit for chlorides assumes there are no sulfates. For cases where both salts co-exist then the limits may be derived from the equation (Cl)0,86 + 13(SO4)0,32 = k with Cl and SO4 in ppm, (Cl) ≥ 1, (SO4) ≥5, and k = 120 for "out of water" conditions, k = 95 for parts of the structures in fresh water.
NOTE 7 Refer to relevant requirements for polymer materials.
NOTE 8 In fresh water or regularly submerged e.g. lower parts of river training walls below frequent flood levels.
NOTE 9 Not normally used in environments of normal aggressivity but if used 5 < pH < 10. Other tests are not relevant.
