3 Terms, definitions and symbols
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1.1
bearing plate
fr: plaque d’appui
de: Kopfplatte
plate connected to the head of the soil nail to transfer a component of load from the facing or directly from the ground surface to the soil nail
3.1.2
design life
fr: durée de service
de: Entwurfslebensdauer
service life in years required by the design
3.1.3
drainage system
fr: système de drainage
de: Dränagesystem
series of drains, drainage layers or other means to control surface and ground water
3.1.4
facing
fr: parement
de: Frontausbildung
covering to the exposed face of the reinforced ground that may provide a stabilising function to retain the ground between soil nails, provide erosion protection and have an aesthetic function
3.1.5
facing drainage
fr: drainage de parement
de: Dränage der Frontausbildung
system of drains used to control water behind the facing
3.1.6
facing system
fr: système de parement
de: Frontausbildungssystem
assemblage of facing units used to produce a finished facing of reinforced ground
3.1.7
facing unit
fr: élément de parement
de: Frontausbildungselement
discrete element used to construct the facing
3.1.8
flexible facing
fr: parement flexible
de: bedingt nachgiebige Frontausbildung
flexible covering which assists in containing soil between the nails
3.1.9
ground
fr: terrain
de: Baugrund
soil, rock and fill existing in place prior to the execution of the construction works
3.1.10
hard facing
fr: parement rigide
de: starre Frontausbildung
stiff covering, for example sprayed concrete, precast concrete section or cast in-situ concrete
3.1.11
production nail
fr: clou de l’ouvrage
de: Bauwerksnagel
soil nail which forms part of the completed soil nail structure
3.1.12
reinforcing element
fr: élément de renforcement
de: Bewehrungselement
generic term for reinforcing inclusions inserted into ground
3.1.13
reinforced ground
fr: massif renforcé, sol cloué
de: bewehrter Boden
ground that is reinforced by the insertion of reinforcing elements
3.1.14
sacrificial nail
fr: clou sacrificial
de: Sondernagel
soil nail installed in the same way as the production nails, solely to establish the pullout capacity but not forming part of the soil nail structure
3.1.15
soft facing
fr: parement souple
de: vollkommen nachgiebige Frontausbildung
soft facing has only a short-term function to provide topsoil stability while vegetation becomes established
3.1.16
soil nail
fr: clou
de: Bodennagel
reinforcing element installed into the ground, usually at a sub-horizontal angle, that mobilises resistance with the soil along its entire length
3.1.17
soil nail construction
fr: ouvrage en sol cloué
de: Vernagelungsbauwerk
work that incorporates soil nails, and can have a facing and/or a drainage system
3.1.18
soil nail system
fr: système de clouage de sol
de: Bodennagelsystem
reinforcing element which may include joints and couplings, centralisers, spacers, grouts and corrosion protection
3.1.19
test nail
fr: clou d’essai
de: Prüfnagel
nail installed by the same method as the production nails for the purpose of verifying the pullout capacity and durability, and could be forming a part of the structure
3.1.20
proof load
fr: chargement d’essai
de: Prüflast
load applied in the testing
3.2 Symbols
3.2.1 Agt elongation of a metallic reinforcement.
3.2.2 fy yield strength of steel.
3.2.3 Ldb debonded nail length.
3.2.4 pp proof load (maximum load to which the nail is subjected during the test).
3.2.5 P0 datum load.
3.2.6 Rt load at which pullout failure occurs.
3.2.7 Rt,k characteristic value of the structural tensile resistance of the test soil nail or any of the extension pieces.
3.2.8 Rt0.1,k characteristic value of the 0,1 % yield resistance of the test soil nail or any of the extension pieces.
3.2.9 s1, s2 measured nail displacement at time t1 and t2 respectively.
3.2.10 sr residual nail displacement.
3.2.11 s0 initial nail displacement.
3.2.12 t1, t2 measurements taken at time t1 and t2.
