Annex A
(informative)
Glossery
A.1 Mini (or micro) pile: Bored pile with diameter D < 0,3 m. Usually constructed by special methods (not covered by this European Standard).
A.2 Cast-in-place bored pile: A pile cast either within a bored hole in the ground or within a driven casing.
A.3 Plain bored pile: Bored pile constructed in soils which are sufficiently stable not to require support to bore hole walls.
A.4 Raking pile: Pile installed at an inclination related to the horizontal.
A.5 Displacement pile: Pile formed in the ground without excavation or removal of material from the ground (e.g. a driven or a screw pile, not covered by this European Standard).
A.6 Driven pile: Pile which is driven into the soil by hammering, vibration or static pressure, the soil being displaced (not covered by this European Standard).
A.7 Driven cast-in-place pile: Pile installed by driving a closed ended permanent or temporary casing, and filling the hole so formed with plain or reinforced concrete (not covered by this European Standard).
A.8 Precast pile: Totally preformed pile of reinforced or prestressed concrete cast in one length or a series of joined lengths and usually installed by driving (not covered by this European Standard).
A.9 Screw pile: Displacement pile in which the pile or the pile tube comprises a limited number of helices at its base and is installed under the combined action of a torque and a vertical thrust. By the screwing-in and/or by the screwing-out, the ground is essentially laterally displaced and virtually no soil is excavated (not covered by this European Standard).
A.10 Cast-in-place screw pile: Screw pile formed by screwing into the ground a closed ended permanent or temporary casing, comprising at its base a displacement head in the form of a screw. The hole so formed is filled with plain or reinforced concrete (not covered by this European Standard).
A.11 Precast screw pile: Screw pile formed by screwing into the ground a cylindrical preformed pile of reinforced or prestressed concrete, comprising at its base a limited number of concrete flanges (not covered by this European Standard).
A.12 Pile head: Upper part of a pile.
A.13 Pile base: (1) Bottom area of a pile.
A.14 Pile base: (2) Bottom part of a pile.
A.15 Pile shaft: The body of the pile between the head and the base.
A.16 Skin friction: Frictional and/or adhesive resistance on the pile surface.
A.17 Negative skin friction: Frictional and/or adhesive force by which surrounding soil or fill transfers downward load to a pile when the soil or fill settles relative to the pile shaft.
A.18 Socket: Bottom part of a pile in hard ground (usually rock).
A.19 Excavation: (1) Digging, lifting and removing soil, rock or fill for the formation of a borehole, (2) the borehole constructed for a bored pile.
А.20 Obstruction: Natural (or man made) hard strata, blocks or similar ground requiring special tools or methods for the excavation.
A.21 Reinforcement cage: Reinforcement for piles comprising longitudinal steel bars arranged to form the generatrices of a cylinder or a rectangular prism around which links, hoops or helices are wound and fixed.
A.22 Spacer, spacer pad: Appliance of plastic or steel material or concrete (pad) fixed to the steel reinforcement to hold the reinforcement cage laterally and maintain the concrete cover to reinforcement.
A.23 Centralizer: Device to locate reinforcement centrally in a bore hole.
A.24 Plan deviation of pile: Horizontal distance between the as built and the design pile axis at the working level. (Pile eccentricity refers to the deviation at the cut-off level).
A.25 Suspension rods: Steel appliances to prevent a reinforcement cage for the upper part of a pile from dropping to the bottom of the hole (hangers).
A.26 Starter bars: Steel bars inserted into the fresh concrete at the pile head so that they partially project to provide connection with the superstructure.
A.27 Casting level: Final level to which concrete is cast in a pile excavation. It is above the cut-off level by a margin depending on the execution procedure.
A.28 Empty bore: Length of excavation from the working level to the casting level or the prescribed pile head.
A.29 Cut-off level (trimming): Prescribed level to which a pile is cut or trimmed back before connecting it to the superstructure.
A.30 Cutting-off: (1) Removal of contaminated or substandard concrete from the pile head. (2) Removal of surplus concrete above the designed cut-off level.
A.31 Preboring: Preliminary excavation process mainly for the penetration of top layers or the removal of obstructions.
A.32 (Hammer) grab: Excavation tool with two or more jaws or shovels, to remove soil or debris from an excavation by an intermittent operation.
A.33 Chisel: Tool for breaking up obstructions in a pile excavation or for socketing a pile into hard soil or rock.
A.34 Bucket: Boring tool in the form of a cylindrical container, at the bottom of a kelly bar, used for intermittent excavation and incorporating cutting blades or teeth and corresponding openings in its hinged base plate for the intake of material.
A.35 Auger: Tool consisting of a stem, helical flights and a cutting edge or edges for intermittent excavation (when operated by a kelly bar, Figure A.4) or continuous excavation (continuous flight auger, Figure A.9).
A.36 Kelly bar: Sliding shaft on a boring rig that transmits the torque necessary for the boring operation from a powered rotary table to the boring tool.
A.37 Casing: Steel tube used to maintain stability of a pile excavation (e.g. in unstable ground).
A.38 Permanent casing: Permanent continuous surround to a cast-in place pile designed to support bore walls and/or to act as a protective or load bearing unit.
A.39 Cutting ring: Bottom part of a casing, usually reinforced and with teeth to facilitate penetration into the ground.
А.40 Liner, lining: Tube, generally of thin steel plate, forming part of the pile shaft (e.g. used for the protection of pile shafts in soft grounds or to reduce negative skin friction).
A.41 Stabilizing fluid: Water mixed with clay, bentonite or other material for the support of the excavation walls and the base in unstable ground.
A.42 Drilling fluid/mud: Suspension composed of water and bentonite, polymers or clay, and with or without cement and other additions, for stabilization of bore hole walls and for flushing.
A.43 Bentonite: A naturally-occurring or manufactured sodium or calcium montmorillonite clay. When wetted the minerals swell to form a suspension that is fluid when stirred, but thixotropic action causes the fluid to gel when the suspension is at rest.
A.44 Bentonite suspension: Stabilizing fluid that comprises bentonite and water.
A.45 Mudding-in: Technique of stirring bentonite or clay powder and water by an auger into granular soil to facilitate the installation of a temporary casing.
A.46 Boring (drill) string: Tool assembly used for continuous excavation consisting of a head (e.g. drilling head, bit, auger, bucket) and an operating string (e.g. drilling pipes, kellybars, stabilizers, counter weights).
A.47 Air lifting: Pumping technique in which air is pumped into the base of a suction pipe to cause reduced density of material in the pipe and induce upward flow to evacuate solids and fluids (flushing).
A.48 Direct circulation boring: Continuous excavation method in which fluid is passed down the central pipe of the boring string for the purpose of displacing spoil upward in the pile bore.
A.49 Reverse circulation boring: Continuous excavation method in which fluid contained in the bore is pumped up a central pipe to transport spoil (e.g. by air lifting).
A.50 Concreting pipe: Metal pipe comprising several joined lengths, surmounted by a hopper or chute for concrete placement.
A.51 Tremie pipe: Concreting pipe, with watertight joints for submerged concrete placement. During placement the lower end of the pipe remains immersed into the concrete.
A.52 Grout: Fluid mixture of a setting agent (usually cement), fine aggregate and water that generally hardens after being placed in position.
A.53 Pile base grouting: Injection of grout under pressure below the base of an installed pile base in order to enhance performance under load. Grouting pipes or a preformed void at the pile base are installed for this purpose.
A.54 Pile shaft grouting: Injection of grout carried out after pile concrete has set for the enhancement of skin friction by the use of grouting pipes which are installed together with the pile reinforcement.
| 1 working level 2 casting level 3 cut-off-level (C.O.L.) 4 base level 5 lead in tube 6 pile head 7 pile shaft |
8 pile base 9 base enlargement 10 shaft diameter 11 pile diameter 12 base diameter 13 empty bore 14 length L |
15 excavation depth 16 overburden soil 17 bearing layer 18 pile axis 19 reinforcement cage 20 spacer 21 concreting pipe |
- 1 joint
- 2 (temporary / permanent) casing
- 3 pile shaft diameter
- 4 cutting ring
- 1 kelly
- 2 release lever
- 3 bucket
- 4 base plate
- 5 stinger
- 1 stem
- 2 flight
- 3 pitch
- 4 cutting edge
- 5 stinger
- 1 suspension
- 2 body
- 3 pulleys
- 4 jaws
- 1 chisel body
- 2 tip
 |
1 working level 2 power swivel 3 casing / lead in tube 4 drill string 5 6 drilling bit 7 mud pit 8 cuttings 9 from the pump |
 |
1 working level 2 power swivel 3 casing / lead in tube 4 5 air lift drill pipes 6 drilling bit 7 mud pit 8 cuttings 9 10 discharge hose 11 air hose 12 air inlet valve |
| a) Boring 1 thrust cylinder 2 boom 3 working level 4 pitch 5 spoil 6 continuous flight auger |
b) Concreting 7 hollow stem 8 bonde 9 concrete supply 10 spoil 11 concrete |
| a) with flexible box structure | b) with grouting pipes |
 |
1 grouting 2 grouting control 3 concrete 4 grouting pipe 5 reinforcement cage 6 seal 7 box 8 grout 9 base level 10 filling (gravel) 11 valves |
Annex B
(informative)
Sample records
1 This Annex contains sample construction records for:
- bored piles with cased or unsupported excavation (EXAMPLE: B.1 and EXAMPLE: B.2),
- bored piles constructed with supporting fluids (EXAMPLE: B.3 and EXAMPLE: B.4),
- continuous flight auger piles (EXAMPLE: B.5 and EXAMPLE: B.6)
2 The records B.1 to B.6 can be supplemented by additional forms as applicable, such as:
- survey records;
- stabilizing fluid control records;
- concrete mixing records (in cases of site mixing only);
- delivery documents for concrete and/or grout;
- consistency, temperature and workability tests on site for concrete and for grout;
- concrete placement records;
- grouting records;
- cut-off inspection forms.
B.1 Construction of Bored Piles with Cased or Unsupported Excavation: General Data
| Contractor | Pile type and method | ||||
| Site | |||||
| Working drawing no. | cased excavation |  |
|||
| unsupported excavation | |
||||
| 1 Pile data | |||||
| a) Diameter | m | e) Aggregate (maximum size) | |||
| b) External casing diameter | m | ||||
| c) Cutting shoe diameter | m | f) Water cement ratio | W/C = | ||
| W = weight of water С = weight of cement | |||||
| d) Boring tool diameter | m | g) Concrete admixtures | |||
| e) Excavation under water | |
% of cement weight | |||
| h) Retarding admixtures | |||||
| Workability time | |||||
| 2 Reinforcement |
4 Concrete placement |
||||
| Drawing no. | a) Submerged conditions | |
|||
| a) Placement of the reinforcement cage | Dry conditions | |
|||
| - before concrete placement | |
b) Method of placement | |||
| - subsequent to concrete placement | |
- tremie pipe | Ø | m |
|
| b) Spacers | |
- pumping hose | Ø | m |
|
| - type | - different placing method | |
|||
| - qty./longitudinal intervals | / | m | - description | ||
| 3 Concrete | |||||
| a) Nominal strength: | С | c) Cleaning of pile base | |||
| Consistency: S/F/superplasticized | |||||
| b) Ready-mixed concrete | |
||||
| Site mixed concrete | |
d) Measures for separating concrete from | |||
| c) Cement type (Supplier) | water at commencement of placement | ||||
| d) Cement content | kg/m3 | ||||
| 5 Comments / | |||||
| observations | |||||
| Mark as appropriate |
|||||
B.2 Construction of Bored Piles with Cased or Unsupported Excavations: Particular Data
| Bored pile no. | Compression pile | |
||
| Tension pile | |
|||
| Rake | ||||
| Mark as appropriate |
||||
1 Ground strata
| m below working level |
m above principal datum |
Ground descrip- tion |
Ground- water |
Boring tool casing from ........... to.......... m |
 |
±0 | working level |
||
| Scale 1: | ||||
2 Times of execution
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| Process | Ambient temperature °C | Times | Date | |
| from | to | |||
| Excavation | ||||
| Chiselling | ||||
| Interruption | ||||
| Base formation | ||||
| Concrete placement | ||||
3 Pile data
| a) Depth measurement after excavation | |||||
| m | below working level | ||||
| b) Chiselling: | |||||
| from | m | to | m | ||
| below working level | |||||
| c) Deviation of position at working level | |||||
| Axis: | : | cm | Axis: | : | cm |
4 Reinforcement
| Deviations from drawing no. | |
| Deviations along length | |
| Modifications | |
5 Concrete
| Special events | |
6 Concrete placement
| Water level inside the bore at start | |||||
| of placement below working level | m | ||||
| Concrete consumption | |||||
| Theoretical | m3 | Actual | m3 | ||
7 Comments/observations
| Deviations from general data |
8 Signatures/date
| Foreman/superintendent | |
| Contractor's representative | |
| Client's representative |
B.3 Construction of Bored Piles with Supporting Fluids: General Data
| Contractor | Pile type and method | ||
| Site | |||
| Working drawing no. | |||
| 1 Pile data |
|||||
| a) Diameter of pile/barrette | m | e) Aggregate (maximum size) | |||
| b) Dimension of guide wall or | m | f) Water cement ratio W/C = | |||
| lead-in tube | W = weight of water С = weight of cement | ||||
| c) Excavation tool | g) Concrete admixtures | ||||
| % of cement weight | |||||
| d) External dimensions | h) Retarding admixtures | ||||
| - of the excavation tool | m | Workability time | |||
| - of the cutting shoe | m | ||||
| 2 Reinforcement |
4 Concrete placement | ||||
| Drawing no. | a) Submerged conditions | |
|||
| a) Placement of the reinforcement cage | Dry conditions | |
|||
| - before concrete placement | |
b) Method of placement | |||
| - subsequent to concrete | |
- tremie pipe | Ø | m |
|
| placement | - pumping hose | Ø | m |
||
| b) Spacers | |
- different placing method | |
||
| - type | - description | ||||
| - qty./longitudinal intervals | / | m | |||
| 3 Concrete | c) Cleaning of pile base | ||||
| a) Nominal strength: | С | ||||
| Consistency: | |||||
| S/F/superplasticized | |||||
| b) Ready-mixed concrete | |
d) Measures for separating concrete from | |||
| Site mixed concrete | |
water at commencement of placement | |||
| c) Cement type (Supplier) | |||||
| d) Cement content | kg/m3 | ||||
| 5 Comments/ | |||||
| observations | |||||
Mark as appropriate
В.4 Construction of Bored Piles with Supporting Fluids: Particular Data
| Bored pile no. | Compression pile | |
||
| Tension pile | |
|||
| Rake | ||||
| Mark as appropriate |
||||
1 Ground strata
| m below working level |
m above principal datum |
Ground descrip- tion |
Ground- water |
Boring tool casing from ........... to.......... m |
|
±0 | working level |
||
| Scale 1: | ||||
2 Times of execution
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| Process | Ambient temperature °C | Times | Date | |
| from | to | |||
| Excavation | ||||
| Chiselling | ||||
| Interruption | ||||
| Base formation | ||||
| Concrete placement | ||||
3 Pile data
| a) Depth measurement after excavation | |||||
| m | below working level | ||||
| b) Chiselling: | |||||
| from | m | to | m | ||
| c) Deviation of position at working level | |||||
| Axis: | : | cm | Axis: | : | cm |
4 Stabilizing fluid actual values
| Unit | Before | After | |
| concreting | |||
| Density | g/cm3 | ||
| Marsh val. | sec | ||
| Fluid loss | cm3 | ||
| Sand cont. | % | ||
| Alkalinity | pH | ||
| Fluid level above bottom level of | ||
| guide wall/lead-in tube | m | |
| above Groundwater | m | |
5 Reinforcement
| Deviations from drawing no. | |
| Deviations along length | |
| Modifications |
6 Concrete
| Special events |
7 Concrete placement
| Fluid level inside the bore at start of placement above bottom level | |||||
| of guide wall/lead-in tube | m | ||||
| Concrete consumption | |||||
| Theoretical | m3 | Actual | m3 | ||
8 Comments/observations
| Deviations from general data |
9 Signatures/date
| Foreman/superintendent | |
| Contractor's representative | |
| Client's representative |
В.5 Construction of Continuous Flight Auger Piles: General Data
| Contractor | Pile type and method | ||
| Site | Plant and equipment | ||
| Working drawing no. | |||
| 1 Pile data | |||||||
| a) Length of the auger | m | e) Aggregate (maximum size) | |||||
| b) Auger diameter (external) Da | m | ||||||
| c) Stem diameter Di | m | f) Water cement ratio W/C = | |||||
| W = weight of water С = weight of cement | |||||||
| d) Pitch of the helix | m | g) Concrete admixtures | |||||
| e) Ratio Di/Da | % of cement weight | ||||||
| f) Bottom closed | |
Bottom open | |
h) Retarding admixtures | |||
| Workability time | |||||||
| 2 Reinforcement | 4 Concrete placement | ||||||
| Drawing no. | a) Submerged conditions | |
|||||
| a) Placement of the reinforcement cage | Dry conditions | |
|||||
| - before concrete placement | |
b) Method of placement | |||||
| - subsequent to concrete | |
- tremie pipe | Ø | m |
|||
| placement | |||||||
| - use of vibrator | |
- pumping hose | Ø | m |
|||
| b) Spacers | |
- different placing method | |
||||
| - type | - description | ||||||
| - qty./longitudinal intervals | / | m | |||||
| 3 Concrete | |||||||
| a) Nominal strength: | С | c) Cleaning of pile base | |||||
| Consistency: | |||||||
| S/F/superplasticized | |||||||
| b) Ready-mixed concrete | |
d) Measures for separating concrete from | |||||
| Site mixed concrete | |
water at commencement of placement | |||||
| c) Cement type (Supplier) | |||||||
| d) Cement content | kg/m3 | ||||||
| 5 Comments/ | |||||||
| observations | |||||||
| Mark as appropriate |
|||||||
В.6 Construction of Continuous Flight Auger Piles: Particular Data
| Bored pile no. | Compression pile | |
||
| Tension pile | |
|||
| Rake | ||||
| Mark as appropriate |
||||
1 Ground strata
| m below working level |
m | m | |
 Penetration per revolution |
Concrete pressure |
||
|
±0 | working level |
|
| Scale 1: | |||
2 Times of execution
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| Process | Ambient temperature °C | Times | Date | |
| from | to | |||
| Excavation | ||||
| Concrete placement | ||||
| Installation of reinforcement | ||||
3 Pile data
| Deviation of position at working level | |||||
| Axis: | : | cm | Axis: | : | cm |
4 Boring procedure
| Penetration per revolution as a function of depth, derived from plotted records, see graph |
5 Reinforcement
| Deviations from drawing no. | |
| Deviations along length | |
| Modifications | |
6 Concrete
| Special events | |
| Monitoring of concrete pressure see graph | |
7 Concrete placement
| Concrete consumption | |||||
| Theoretical | m3 | Actual | m3 | ||
8 Comments/observations
| Deviations from general data | |
9 Signatures/date
| Foreman/superintendent | |
| Contractor's representative | |
| Client's representative |
Annex C
(informative)
Obligation of the provisions
The provisions are marked corresponding to their obligation:
— (RQ): Requirement;
— (RC): Recommendation;
— (PE): Permission;
— (PO): Possibility and eventuality.
| 1 Scope | 7.6.2 Longitudinal reinforcement | 8.3.1.17 (RQ) |
| 1.1–1.11 | 7.6.2.1 (RQ) | 8.3.1.18 (PO) |
| Provisions | 7.6.2.2 (RQ) | 8.3.1.19 (RQ) |
| 2 Normative references | 7.6.2.3 (RQ) | 8.3.1.20 (RC) |
| NOTE 1 | 7.6.2.4 (RC) | 8.3.1.21 (RQ) |
| NOTE 2 | 7.6.2.5 (RQ) | 8.3.1.22 (RC) |
| 2.1 (RQ) | 7.6.2.6 (PE) | 8.3.1.23 (RQ) |
| 2.2 List | 7.6.2.7 (RC) | 8.3.1.24 (RQ) |
| 3 Definitions | 7.6.2.8 (RQ) | 8.3.1.25 (RQ) |
| NOTE | 7.6.2.9 (PE) | 8.3.1.26 (PO) |
| 3.1–3.22 | 7.6.2.10 (RQ) | 8.3.2 Concreting in dry conditions |
| 4 Needs for the construction of bored piles | 7.6.3 Transverse reinforcement | 8.3.2.1 (RQ) |
| 4.1 (RC) | 7.6.3.1 (RQ) | 8.3.2.2 (RQ) |
| 4.2 (RQ) | 7.6.3.2 (RC) | 8.3.2.3 (RC) |
| 4.3 (RQ) | 7.6.3.3 (RQ) | 8.3.2.4 (RQ) |
| 4.4 (RQ) | 7.6.3.4 (RC) | 8.3.2.5 (RQ) |
| EXAMPLES | 7.6.3.5 (RC) | 8.3.3 Concreting in submerged conditions |
| 5 Site investigation 5.1 General | 7.6.3.6 (RQ) | 8.3.3.1 (RQ) |
| NOTE | 7.6.4 Concrete cover | NOTE |
| 5.1.1 (RQ) | 7.6.4.1 (RQ) | 8.3.3.2 (RQ) |
| 5.1.2 (RQ) | 7.6.4.2 (RC) | NOTE |
| 5.1.3 ( RQ) | 7.6.4.3 (PE) | 8.3.3.3 (RQ) |
| 5.1.4 (RC) | 7.5 Reinforcement tubes and sections | 8.3.3.4 (RQ) |
| 5.1.5 (RC) | 7.6.5.1 (RQ) | 8.3.3.5 (RQ) |
| 5.1.6 (PЕ) | 7.6.5.2 (RQ) | 8.3.3.6 (RQ) |
| 5.1.7 (RQ) | 7.6.5.3 (PO) | 8.3.3.7 (RC) |
| 5.1.8 (RQ) | 7.6.5.4 (RQ) | 8.3.3.8 (RQ) |
| 5.2 Specific requirements | 8 Execution | 8.3.3.9 (RQ) |
| 5.2.1 (RQ) | 8.1Excavation | 8.3.3.10 (RQ) |
| 5.2.2 (RQ) | 8.1.1General | 8.3.3.11 (PE) |
| 6 Materials and products 6.1 General |
8.1.1.1 (RQ) | 8.3.3.12 (RQ) |
| 6.1.1 (RQ) | NOTE1 | 8.3.3.13 (RQ) |
| 6.1.2 (RQ) | NOTE 2 | 8.3.3.14 (RQ) |
| 6.1.3 (RQ) | 8.1.1.2 (RQ) | 8.3.3.15 (RC) |
| 6.2 Materials for concrete and grout |
EXAMPLE | 8.3.3.16 (RC) |
| 6.2.1 Cement | 8.1.1.3 (RQ) | 8.3.3.17 (RC) |
| 6.2.1.1 (RQ) | 8.1.1.4 (RQ) | 8.3.3.18 (RQ) |
| 6.2.1.2 (PE) | 8.1.1.5 (RC) | 8.3.3.19 (RQ) |
| 6.2.1.3 (RQ) | NOTE 1 | 8.3.4 Extraction of casings |
| 6.2.1.4 (RC) | NOTE 2 | 8.3.4.1 (RQ) |
| 6.2.2 Aggregates | 8.1.1.6 (RQ) | 8.3.4.2 (RQ) |
| 6.2.2.1 (RQ) | 8.1.1.7 (RQ) | 8.3.4.3 (RQ) |
| 6.2.2.2 (RQ) | 8.1.1.8 (RQ) | 8.3.4.4 (RQ) |
| 6.2.2.3 (RC) | 8.1.1.9 (RQ) | NOTE |
| 6.2.2.4 (RQ) | 8.1.1.10 (RQ) | 8.3.4.5 (RQ) |
| 6.2.2.5 (RQ) | 8.1.1.11 (RQ) | 8.3.5 Permanent casings or linings |
| 6.2.3 Water | 8.1.1.12 (RQ) | 8.3.5.1 (PO) |
| 6.2.3.1 (RQ) | 8.1.2 Methods and tools | NOTE |
| 6.2.3.2 (PE) | NOTE | 8.3.5.2 (RQ) |
| 6.2.4 Additions and admixtures | 8.1.2.1 (PO) | 8.3.6 Concreting of continuous flight auger piles |
| 6.2.4.1 (RQ) | 8.1.2.2 (RQ) | 8.3.6.1 (PE) |
| 6.2.4.2 (RQ) | 8.1.2.3 (PO) | 8.3.6.2 (RQ) |
| 6.2.4.3 (RQ) | 8.1.2.4 (PE) | 8.3.6.3 (RQ) |
| 6.2.4.4 (PE) | 8.1.2.5 (RQ) | 8.3.6.4 (PE) |
| 6.2.4.5 (RQ) | NOTE | 8.3.6.5 (RQ) |
| 6.2.4.6 (PE) | 8.1.3 Excavations supported by casings | 8.3.6.6 (RQ) |
| NOTE | 8.1.3.1 (RQ) | 8.3.6.7 (RQ) |
| 6.2.4.7 (RQ) | 8.1.3.2 (PE) | 8.3.6.8 (RQ) |
| 6.2.4.8 (PE) | 8.1.3.3 (RQ) | NOTE |
| 6.3 Concrete in situ | 8.1.3.4 (RQ) | 8.3.7 Prepacked piles |
| 6.3.1 General | 8.1.3.5 (RC) | 8.3.7.1 (RQ) |
| 6.3.1.1 (RQ) | 8.1.3.6 (RQ) | 8.3.7.2 (RQ) |
| 6.3.1.2 (RQ) | 8.1.3.7 (PE) | 8.3.7.3 (RQ) |
| 6.3.1.3 (PE) | 8.1.3.8 (RQ) | 8.3.7.4 (RQ) |
| 6.3.1.4 (PE) | 8.1.3.9 (RQ) | 8.3.7.5 (RQ) |
| 6.3.1.5 (RQ) | NOTE | 8.3.8 Loss of immersion of tremie or casing |
| 6.3.1.6 (PE) | 8.1.3.10 (RQ) | 8.3.8.1 (PE) |
| 6.3.1.7 (RQ) | 8.1.3.11 (RQ) NOTE | 8.3.8.2 (RQ) |
| NOTE | 8.1.4 Excavation supported by fluids | 8.3.8.3 (RQ) |
| 6.3.1.8 (PO) | 8.1.4.1 (RQ) | 8.3.8.4 (PE) |
| 6.3.2 Mixing | 8.1.4.2 (RQ) | 8.3.8.5 (PE) |
| 6.3.2.1 (RQ) | 8.1.4.3 (PE) | 8.3.8.6 (RQ) |
| 6.3.2.2 (PE) | 8.1.4.4 (RQ) | 8.3.8.7 (RC) |
| 6.3.2.3 (RQ) | 8.1.4.5 (RQ) | 8.3.9 Piles containing precast concrete elements, reinforcement tubes or permanent casings |
| 6.3.2.4 (RQ) | 8.1.4.7 (PE) | 8.3.9.1 (RQ) |
| 6.3.2.5 (RQ) | 8.1.4.8 (RQ) | 8.3.9.2 (RQ) |
| 6.3.3 Sampling and testing | NOTE | 8.3.9.3 (PE) |
| 6.3.3.1 (RQ) | 8.1.4.9 (RQ) | 8.3.9.4 (PE) |
| 6.3.3.2 (RQ) | 8.1.4.10 (RC) | 8.3.9.5 (RQ) |
| 6.3.3.3 (RQ) | 8.1.5 Boring with continuous flight augers | 8.3.10 External grouting of cast in place piles |
| 6.3.3.4 (RQ) | 8.1.5.1 (PE) | 8.3.10.1 (RQ) |
| 6.3.3.5 (PE) | 8.1.5.2 (RQ) | 8.3.10.2 (RQ) |
| 6.3.3.6 (PO) | 8.1.5.3 (RQ) | 8.3.10.3 (PO) |
| EXAMPLES | 8.1.5.4 (RQ) | 8.3.10.4 (RQ) |
| 6.3.3.7 (RQ) | 8.1.5.5 (RQ) | 8.3.10.5 (RQ) |
| 6.3.3.8 (RQ) | 8.1.5.6 (RQ) | 8.3.10.6 (PE) |
| 6.4 Grout | 8.1.5.7 (RQ) | 8.3.10.7 (RQ) |
| 6.4.1 (RQ) | 8.1.5.8 (RQ) | 8.4 Bored pile walls |
| 6.4.2 (RQ) | 8.1.5.9 (RQ) | 8.4.1 (RC) |
| 6.4.3 (RQ) | 8.1.5.10 (RQ) | 8.4.2 (RC) |
| 6.4.4 (RC) | 8.1.5.11 (RQ) | 8.4.3 (RC) |
| NOTE | 8.1.6 Unsupported excavation | 8.4.4 (RQ) |
| 6.4.5 (PE) | 8.1.6.1 (PE) | 8.4.5 (RQ) |
| 6.5 Stabilizing fluids | 8.1.6.2 (RQ) | NOTE |
| 6.5.1 General | 8.1.6.3 (RQ) | 8.4.6 (PE) |
| 6.5.1.1 (RQ) | 8.1.6.4 (RQ) | 9 Supervision and monitoring |
| 6.5.1.2 (RQ) | 8.1.7 Enlargements | 9.1 Supervision |
| 6.5.2 Bentonite suspensions | 8.1.7.1 (RQ) | 9.1.1 (RQ) |
| 6.5.2.1 (RQ) | 8.1.7.2 (RC) | 9.1.2 (RQ) |
| 6.5.2.2 (RQ) | 8.2 Reinforcement | 9.2 Monitoring of pile construction |
| 6.5.2.3 (RQ) | 8.2.1 General | 9.2.1 (RQ) |
| 6.5.2.4 (PE) | 8.2.1.1 (RQ) | 9.2.2 (RQ) |
| 6.5.2.5 (PE) | 8.2.1.2 (RQ) | 9.2.3 (RC) |
| 6.5.2.6 (PE) | 8.2.1.3 (RQ) | 9.2.4 (RQ) |
| 6.5.3 Polymers and other suspensions | 8.2.2 Joints | 9.2.5 (RQ) |
| 6.5.3.1 (PE) | 8.2.2.1 (RQ) | NOTE |
| 6.5.3.2 (RQ) | 8.2.2.2 (PO) | 9.2.6 (RQ) |
| 6.6 Steel | 8.2.2.3 (RQ) | NOTE |
| 6.6.1 (RQ) | 8.2.2.4 (PE) | 9.2.7 (RQ) |
| 6.6.2 (RQ) | 8.2.3 Bending of reinforcement | 9.2.8 (RQ) |
| 6.6.3 (RQ) | 8.2.3.1 (RQ) | 9.3 Pile testing |
| 6.6.4 (RQ) | 8.2.3.2 (RQ) | 9.3.1 General |
| 7 Design related considerations | 8.2.3.3 (PE) | NOTE 1 |
| 7.1 General | 8.2.4 Assembly of cages | NOTE 2 |
| 7.1.1 (RQ) | 8.2.4.1 (RQ) | NOTE 3 |
| NOTE | 8.2.4.2 (RQ) | NOTE 4 |
| 7.1.2 (PO) | 8.2.4.3 (RQ) | NOTE 5 |
| 7.1.3 (RQ) | 8.2.4.4 (PO) | 9.3.2 Axial loading tests |
| 7.1.4 (PE) | 8.2.5 Spacers | 9.3.2.1 (RQ) |
| 7.1.5 (RC) | 8.2.5.1 (RQ) | 9.3.2.2 (PO) |
| 7.1.6 (RC) | 8.2.5.2 (RQ) | 9.3.2.3 (RQ) |
| 7.1.7 (RQ) | 8.2.5.3 (PE) | 9.3.2.4 (RC) |
| 7.1.8 (RQ) | 8.2.5.4 (RQ) | 9.3.2.5 (RC) |
| 7.1.9 (RC) | 8.2.5.5 (RQ) | 9.3.2.6 (RQ) |
| NOTE | 8.2.5.6 (RC) | 9.3.2.7 (PE) |
| 7.1.10 (PO) | 8.2.6 Installation | 9.3.2.8 (RC) |
| 7.2 Geometrical construction tolerances | 8.2.6.1 (RQ) | 9.3.2.9 (RQ) |
| 7.2.1 (RQ) | 8.2.6.2 (RQ) | 9.3.2.10 (RQ) |
| NOTE | 8.2.6.3 (RQ) | 9.3.2.11 (RQ) |
| 7.2.2 (RQ) | 8.2.6.4 (RQ) | 9.3.2.12 (RQ) |
| 7.3 Piles forming a wall | 8.2.6.5 (PE) | 9.3.2.13 (RQ) |
| 7.3.1 (PO) | 8.2.6.6 (RQ) | 9.3.2.14 (RC) |
| 7.3.2 (PO) | 8.2.6.7 (PO) | 9.3.2.15 (RQ) |
| 7.3.3 (RQ) | 8.2.6.8 (PE) | 9.3.2.16 (RQ) |
| 7.3.4 (RQ) | 8.3 Concreting | 10 Records |
| 7.4 Excavation | 8.3.1 General | 10.1 (RQ) |
| 7.4.1 (RQ) | 8.3.1.1 (RQ) | 10.2 (RQ) |
| 7.4.2 (RQ) | 8.3.1.2 (RQ) | 10.3 (RQ) |
| 7.4.3 (RQ) | 8.3.1.3 (RQ) | 10.4 (PE) |
| 7.4.4 (RQ) | NOTE 1 | 10.5 (RQ) |
| NOTE | NOTE 2 | NOTE |
| 7.4.5 (RQ) | 8.3.1.4 (RC) | 10.6 (RQ) |
| 7.4.6 (RQ) | 8.3.1.5 (RQ) | NOTE |
| 7.4.7 (RQ) | 8.3.1.6 (RQ) | 10.7 (RQ) |
| 7.5 Precast concrete elements | 8.3.1.7 (RQ) | 11 Specific Requirements |
| 7.5.1 (RQ) | 8.3.1.8 (RQ) | 11.1 (RQ) |
| 7.5.2 (RQ) | 8.3.1.9 (RQ) | 11.2 (RQ) |
| 7.5.3 (RQ) | 8.3.1.10 (RQ) | 11.3 (RQ) |
| 7.6 Reinforcement | 8.3.1.11 (RC) | 11.4 (RC) |
| 7.6.1 General | 8.3.1.12 (RQ) | 11.5 (RQ) |
| 7.6.1.1 (RQ) | 8.3.1.13 (RQ) | 11.6 (RQ) |
| 7.6.1.2 (RQ) | 8.3.1.14 (PO) | 11.7 (RQ) |
| 7.6.1.3 (RQ) | 8.3.1.15 (RQ) | 11.8 (PO) |
| 7.6.1.4 (RC) | 8.3.1.16 (RQ) | NOTE |
| 11.9 (RQ) |
