3 Terms, definitions and symbols
The main terms are used in common with all Eurocodes. For the purposes of this standard the following definitions apply:
3.1.1
anchor
fr: tirant d'ancrage
de: Anker
an installation capable of transmitting an applied tensile load to a load bearing stratum
3.1.2
anchor head
fr: tete d'ancrage
de: Ankerkopf
the component of a ground anchor which transmits the tensile load from the tendon to bearing plate or structure
3.1.3
acceptance test
fr: essai de réception
de: Abnahmeprüfung
a load test to confirm that each anchor conforms with the acceptance criteria
3.1.4
apparent tendon free length
fr: longueur libre équivalente
de: Rechnerische freie Stahllänge
the length of tendon between the connection of the tendon to the stressing jack and a point along the tendon, deduced from load testing of an anchor
3.1.5
bleed
fr: ressuage
de: Absetzma
the separation of water from grout paste
3.1.6
borehole diameter
fr: diamètre de forage
de: Bohrlochdurchmesser
the diameter of a borehole as defined by the drill bit or casing diameter, excluding any enlargements
3.1.7
characteristic internal anchor resistance
fr: résistance interne caractéristique du tirant
de: Charakteristischer Innerer
Ankerwiderstand the characteristic load capacity of the anchor tendon
3.1.8
client's technical representative
fr: représentant technique du client
de: Technischer Bauherrnvertreter
represents the client and is fully acquainted with all aspects of the works related to the use of the anchors, including specialist knowledge of ground anchor technology
3.1.9
coupler
fr: coupleur
de: Koppelelement
a device for joining lengths of bar or strand which comprise an anchor tendon
3.1.10
creep limit
fr: Vitesse limite de fluage
de: Grenzkriechmaβ
the maximum creep displacement rate permitted at a specific load level
3.1.11
critical creep load
fr: traction critique de fluage
de: Kritische Kriechkraft
the anchor load corresponding to the end of the first linear part of a plot of anchor load against creep rate
3.1.12
datum load
fr: traction de reference
de: Vorbelastung
the level of anchor load from which the anchor head displacement is measured during a stress test. In general, a value of 10 % proof load is adopted
3.1.13
encapsulation
fr: protection
de: Korrosionsschutzumhüllung
a corrosion protection applied at least to the tendon bond length
3.1.14
external anchor resistance
fr: resistance externe du tirant
de: Herausziehwiderstand des Ankers
the load resistance of an anchor at the interface between ground and fixed anchor length
3.1.15
fixed anchor length
fr: longueur de scellement du tirant
de: Krafteintragungslänge
the designed length of an anchor over which the load is transmitted to the surrounding ground, through a grout body
3.1.16
free anchor length
fr: longueur libre du tirant
de: Freie Ankerlänge
the distance between the proximal end of the fixed anchor length and the tendon anchorage at the anchor head
3.1.17
grout
fr: coulis
de: Verpreβmörtel
a setting material which transfers load from the tendon to the ground over the fixed anchor length, and which may
fill the rest of the borehole and/or contribute to corrosion protection
3.1.18
investigation test
fr: essai préalable
de: Untersuchungsprüfung
a load test to establish the ultimate load resistance of an anchor at the grout/ground interface and to determine the characteristics of the anchor in the working load range
3.1.19
load loss limit
fr: pert de tension admissible
de: Grenzkraftabfall
the permitted cumulative loss of load at the end of a specified time period
3.1.20
lock-off load
fr: traction de blocage
de: Festlegekraft
the load transferred to an anchor head immediately on completion of a stressing operation
3.1.21
permanent anchor
fr: tirant d'ancrage permanent
de: Daueranker
an anchor with a design life which is in excess of two years
3.1.22
proof load
fr: traction d'épreuve
de: Prufkraft
the maximum test load to which an anchor is subjected
3.1.23
suitability test
fr: essai de contrôle
de: Eignungsprüfung
a load test to confirm that a particular anchor design will be adequate in particular ground conditions
3.1.24
system test
fr: essai de système
de: Systemprüfung
a test which is carried out on an anchor system to verify its competence to perform as required
3.1.25
temporary anchor
fr: tirant d'ancrage provisoire
de: Kurzzeitanker
an anchor with a design life of less than two years
3.1.26
tendon
fr: armature
de: Zugglied
the part of a ground anchor that is capable of transmitting the tensile load from the fixed anchor length to the anchor head
3.1.27
tendon bond length
fr: longueur de scellement de I'armature
de: Verankerungslange des Zuggliedes
the length of the tendon that is bonded directly to the grout and capable of transmitting the applied tensile load
3.1.28
tendon free length
fr: longueur libre de I'armature
de: Freie Stahllänge
the length of tendon between the anchor head and the proximal end of the tendon bond length
A typical anchor is shown in Figure 1.
3.2 Symbols
Key
- 1 Anchorage point at jack during stressing
- 2 Anchorage point at anchor head in service
- 3 Bearing plate
- 4 Lold transfer black
- 5 Structural element
- 6 Soil/rock
- 7 Borehole
- 8 Debonding sleeve
- 9 Tendon
- 10 Grout body
