4.2

Materials (03 23xxx)

03   23001
stratum
naturally occurring layer of a single soil (01) or rock (03 23027) type
03   23002
subsoil
soil (01) immediately below topsoil (06 13001)
03   23003
peat
dark, spongy soil (01) of vegetable origin and characterized by a high degree of compressibility (11 27020)
NOTE Usually fibrous.
03   23004
clay puddle
pug
clay (BS EN 12670) remoulded with water to a consistency where it is pliable under hand pressure; used as a water seal (01)
03   23005
cohesive soil
soil (01) that, by virtue of its clay (BS EN 12670) content and moisture, will form a coherent mass
03   23006
non-cohesive soil
soil (01) that will not form a coherent mass
03   23007
overconsolidated clay
clay (BS EN 12670) that retains some of the imposed stress (01) from a previous greater overburden (03 23019)
03   23008
colluvial deposit
rock (03 23027) deposited by gravity from its place of formation
03   23009
drift
soil (01) deposited as a result of glacial action (01)
cf. drift (03 41004)
03   23010
aeolian deposit
wind deposit
soil (01) deposited as a result of wind action (01)
03   23011
alluvial deposit
soil (01) deposited by a stream (BS EN ISO 772) or river (BS EN ISO 772), in its channel (01) or on its
flood plain (05 28005)
03   23013
granular soil
non-cohesive soil (03 23006) the particle size (01) of which is greater than 0.06 mm
03   23014
running sand
sand (BS EN 12670) that exhibits flow characteristics (01) similar to liquid due to lack of confinement or water flow
03   23015
cobble
rounded to sub-angular rock (03 23027) fragments between 60 mm and 200 mm in size (01)
03   23016
hoggin
naturally occurring material (01) consisting mainly of gravel (03 23029) and sand (BS EN 12670) and containing sufficient clay (BS EN 12670) to bind the mixture when compacted
03   23017
loam
fertile soil (01), mainly of clay (BS EN 12670), silt (03 23028) and sand (BS EN 12670)
NOTE Often contains decayed vegetable matter.
03   23018
non-plastic soil
soil (01) with a plasticity index (BS EN ISO 14688-2) of zero or with a plastic limit (BS EN ISO 14688-2) that cannot be determined
03   23019
overburden
soil (01) or rock (03 23027) that overlies other material (01)
03   23020
heavy ground
ground (01) the excavated faces of which require support relatively quickly
03   23021
saturated soil
soil (01) having all its voids (03 28003) filled with water
03   23022
stabilized soil
soil (01) modified to improve and maintain its loadbearing capacity and resistance to weathering (01)
NOTE Techniques include compaction (03 24008), chemical techniques, dewatering (01).
03   23023
spoil
excavated material that is unsuitable or surplus to requirements
03   23024
isotropic soil
soil (01) that has identical properties (01) in all directions
NOTE Usually applied to permeability (01).
03   23025
overbreak
amount of rock (03 23027) excavated beyond the prescribed profile (01)
03   23026
overdig
amount of soil (01) excavated beyond the prescribed profile (01)
03   23027
rock
relatively hard naturally occurring part of the earth's crust that has not been broken down into loose material (01) that can be readily excavated (01) by hand
03   23028
silt
soil (01) that consists of particles between 0.002 mm and 0.06 mm in size (01)
03   23029
gravel
non-cohesive granular material (01) that results from natural disintegration (05 39040) of rock (03 23027) and consists of particles between 2 mm and 60 mm in size (01)

BS 6100-3:2007 Building and civil engineering – Vocabulary Part 3: Civil engineering – General