Activities (03 24xxx)

determination of physical characteristics (01) of sites (01) as they affect design and construction (01), and stability of neighbouring structures (01)

soil survey

exploration and recording of the location and characteristics (01) of soils (01) and rocks (03 23027), and ground (01) conditions

retaining wall (01) construction using bored piles (BS EN 1536) in close proximity to, or touching, each other, in one or two rows

retaining wall (01) construction using interlocked bored piles (BS EN 1536)

soil improvement

in situ decrease of permeability (01), increase of strength (11 27007) or decrease of compressibility (11 27020) of the ground (01) by mechanical means or grout (01) injection

ground improvement (03 24005) to a substantial depth (01) by repeatedly dropping a heavy weight from a considerable height (01)

stone column

ground improvement (03 24005) in which a large tubular vibrator is used to form a deep hole into which gravel (03 23029) or stone (01) backfill (01) is introduced as the vibrator is withdrawn

process of packing particles more closely together

compaction (03 24008) by ramming, rolling or tamping the ground (01) surface to achieve ground improvement (03 24005) to a shallow depth (01)

compaction (03 24008) of granular soil (03 23013) or fill (01) by vibrating a large tubular vibrator that is inserted deep into the ground (01) and withdrawn

vibrocompaction (03 24010) in which jets of water are introduced to assist penetration and compaction (03 24008)

hydrofracture

ground improvement (03 24005) where grout (01) is injected under significant pressure, usually through tube-a-manchettes (03 26055), to form fissures so that a matrix of grout (01) is formed

stabilize ground (01) temporarily by local freezing of the water within it

ground improvement (03 24005) by injection of grout (01)

shape the finished surface of earthworks (01) by mechanical means

shape earthworks (01) finally

excavate (01) behind existing ground (01) supports and provide support to the new face

apply water under pressure to displace material in order to aid penetration of driven piles (BS EN 12699), well points (03 22034) or caissons (01)

remove the upper layer of soil (01), including topsoil (06 13001) and vegetation, preparatory to carrying out works on or in subsoil (03 23002)

remove the top layer of, or irregularities in, the ground (01) surface by mechanical means

uproot small trees (06 12036), hedges (06 12007) and shrubs (06 12035)

excavate (01) hard ground (01) with explosive (BS 5607)

method of blasting (03 24022) by placing an explosive (BS 5607) against a boulder (BS EN 12670) or other object without containing it in a shot hole (03 28001)

excavate (01) hard ground (01) in which explosives (BS 5607) are placed in drilled holes and detonated

carry out secondary breakage of material employing small explosive (BS 5607) charges in shot holes (03 28001)