6
Tunnels, shafts and caissons
6.1
Works (03 41xxx)
03 41001
adit
tunnel (01) driven from ground (01) surface to provide access to, or drainage (01) from, underground workings
03 41002
pilot tunnel
tunnel (01) driven ahead of, on the line of and of smaller cross-section than a main tunnel (01) to facilitate first stage excavation (01), ground investigation (03 24002), ground (01) treatment, drainage (01), surveying (BS 6953) or ventilation
03 41003
immersed tube tunnel
tunnel (01) assembled under water from preformed structural units
NOTE Usually floated into position and sunk on to prepared foundation (01).
03 41004
drift
adit (03 41001) that slopes downwards from its entrance
cf. drift (03 23009)
03 41005
heading
tunnel (01) of small cross-section
03 41006
box heading
heading (03 41005) of straight-sided cross section where the ground (01) is supported at its top, sides and across the floor (01)
NOTE Usually supported with timber (01).
03 41007
poled heading
piled heading
heading (03 41005) in poor ground (01) where full support is given to the ground (01) using timber (01) boards or steel sheets (01) driven ahead of the tunnel face (03 42019)
03 41008
stope
shaft (01) excavated upwards
03 41009
timber heading
03 41010
cross tunnel
tunnel (01) connecting two tunnels (01) running alongside; gives access between tunnels (01) for operators of emergency services
03 41011
step plate tunnel
length of tunnel (01) consisting of tunnel rings (03 42014) of increasing diameter as a transition between tunnels (01) of significantly different diameters
03 41012
blind heading
03 41013
access shaft
NOTE Not necessarily part of the permanent work.
6.2
Parts (03 42xxx)
03 42001
tunnel eye
provision for a connecting tunnel (01) within a tunnel lining (03 42005)
03 42002
thrust pit
03 42003
jacking station
thrust pit (03 42002) together with the plant (01) needed for pipe jacking (01) or thrust boring (01)
03 42004
intermediate jacking station
03 42005
tunnel lining
cover and support to the rock (03 23027) or soil (01) surface at the periphery of a tunnel (01) excavation (01)
03 42006
primary lining
structural tunnel lining (03 42005)
03 42007
secondary lining
tunnel lining (03 42005) supplementing the primary lining (03 42006) for decoration, improved fluid flow, protection or structural enhancement
03 42008
expanded lining
primary lining (03 42006) of tunnel segments (03 42011) that are expanded circumferentially against the surrounding ground (01)
03 42009
tunnel grommet
tunnel grummet
compressible washer (06 72096) used with bolted segments (03 42012) to prevent leakage through bolt (01) holes
03 42010
shaft lining
cover and support to the rock (03 23027) or soil (01) surface at the periphery of a shaft (01) excavation (01)
03 42011
tunnel segment
03 42012
bolted segment
03 42013
smooth bore segment
tunnel segment (03 42011) that provides a smooth internal surface
NOTE Usually of concrete (01).
03 42014
tunnel ring
assembly (01) of tunnel segments (03 42011) to form a complete circular section one tunnel segment (03 42011) wide
03 42015
grout hole
small diameter hole in a tunnel lining (03 42005) for injecting grout (01)
03 42016
grout plug
plug to seal (11 14007) a grout hole (03 42015)
03 42017
iron
tunnel segment (03 42011) of cast iron or spheroidal graphite iron
03 42018
blanket
layer of material (01) placed on a bed (01) to increase cover (01) and/or impermeability so a tunnel (01) may be driven underneath
NOTE Usually under water.
03 42019
tunnel face
current end area of a tunnel (01) excavation (01)
03 42020
tunnel portal
03 42021
tunnel crown
highest point of a tunnel (01) cross-section
03 42022
tunnel invert
bottom surface of a tunnel (01)
03 42023
lining roll
rotational displacement of a tunnel ring (03 42014)
03 42024
liner plate
tunnel segment (04 42011) of pressed steel
03 42025
steel lattice rib
steel rib in a lattice frame (01) used to support fabric reinforcement (09 33095) in the arch (01) of a tunnel (01) where the whole is embedded by being sprayed over with concrete (01)
03 42026
segmental lining
tunnel lining (03 42005) of tunnel segments (03 42011)
03 42027
guillotine door
vertical sliding door (BS EN 12433-1) with one guided plate (01)
03 42028
springline
line along the side of a tunnel (01) indicating where the curve of the tunnel arch (03 47015) begins
NOTE Horizontal diameter in a circular tunnel (01).
03 42029
tunnel shoulder
position around a periphery on either side of a tunnel (01) approximately half way between the springline (03 42028) and the tunnel crown (03 42021)
03 42030
tunnel knee
position around a periphery on either side of a tunnel (01) approximately half way between the springline (03 42028) and the lowest point