C.12 Cable percussion drilling tools

C.12.4 Clay cutter and shell (bailer)

See Figure C.24.

Key

• 1 clay cutter
• 2 shell or bailer
• 3 clay cutter ring
• 4 serrated tool shoe
• 5 leather clack

C12.5 Sectional shell

See Figure C.25.

Key

• 1 hanger section
• 2 window section
• 3 plain section
• 4 clack
• 5 plain shoe
• 6 serrated shoe
• 7 chisel shoe
• 8 clay cutter ring
• 9 clay cutter shoe

C12.6 Chisels and stubber

See Figure C.26.

Key

• 1 California chisels
• 2 stubber
• 3 flat chisel
• 4 cross chisel

C.13 Types of augers

C.13.4 Continuous flight auger

See Figure C.27.

Figure C.28 shows augers with diameters between 36 mm and 100 mm for taking samples in cohesive soils and cohesionless soils above groundwater level (sampling category C).

	Diameters mm	Flight length mm	Flight thread	Overall length mm
	36	250	right hand	300
	40	500	right hand	1 000
	50	500	right hand	1 000
	50	1 000	right hand	1 250
	75	500	right hand	1 000
	100	500	right hand	1 000
	60	1 000	left hand	1 220

C.13.5 Hollow stem auger

See Figure C.29.

Key

• 1 drive cap
• 2 nut and bolt for rod to cap adaptor
• 3 bushing nut
• 4 lock nut
• 5 drive key
• 6 rod-to-cap adaptor
• 7 hollow stern auger
• 8 drill rod
• 9 pilot bit connector
• 10 pilot bit
• 11 cutter head
• 12 knock-out wrench

C.14 Method of recovering samples from trial pits

A cylindrical sampler tube is placed on a prepared surface and pushed into the soil. The soil is removed from around the sampler tube down to the cutting edge. See Figure C.30 a).

The sampler tube is then vertically pushed further into the soil. The soil around the sampler is removed down to the cutting edge. See Figure C.30 b).

The sampler is removed from the soil. See Figure C.30 c). The sampler is sealed. See Figure C.30 d).

For an illustrated example of taking samples from trial pits, see Figure C.31.

a) Positioning the sampler	b) Pushing the sampler into the soil
c) Removing the sampler from the soil	d) Sealing the sample

Key

• 1 waterproof cap
• 2 paraffin or waterproof seal
• 3 strong tape

	b) Sampler tube
a) Arrangement of sampler	c) Sampling process

Key

Figures C.32 and C.33 show thin-walled and thick-walled open-tube samplers.

Key

• 1 pipe thread
• 2 width across flats
• 3 sampler head with non-return valve (not shown)
• 4 overdrive space
• 5 sampler tube

Key

• 1 stock clamp
• 2 core lifter
• 3 plastic liner
• 4 outer barrel
• 5 stocking tube
• 6 stocking chamber
• 7 steel tube
• 8 nylon stocking (up to 20 m long)
• 9 cutting shoe